Minggu, 22 Januari 2017

SHOWING UNDERSTANDING AND SUGGESTING SOLUTIONS

howing understanding and suggesting solutions

Business Result

Starting at the top one, take turns explaining your situation to your partner and responding to theirsuggestions about what you should do.

Situation 1

You’ve applied for three promotions and didn’t get any because your English isn’t

good enough, but the company hardly ever pays for English courses.

Your company rarely or never advertises jobs internally, and sometimes long after advertising themexternally.

Situation 2

Your project manager only gives negative feedback.

Annual appraisals don’t always happen, perhaps because the managers don’t

like doing them.

Some managers have bad communication skills.

Situation 3

You only got one week of training when you first joined the company, and nothing since then.

I can rarely ask my colleagues questions because I am always out visiting customers.

All my projects are very different, so it’s difficult to be an expert in all those

different things.

Situation 4

People don’t work together as a team. There’s an Employee of the Month award,

but it just makes people more selfish.

All the situations above are actually in one company. Work together to decide how the company’s systems should be changed.

https://tefltastic.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/showing-understanding-and-suggesting-solutions.pdf

MAKING AND RECEIVING TELEPHONE CALLS

making-and-receiving-phone-call.html

DISCUSSING PROGRESS

Pengertian Discussion Text Dalam Genres Bahasa Inggris

Apa pengertian discussion text itu sebenarnya? Untuk lebih gampangnya lihat definisi berikut ini!

Discussion is a text which present a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed from different viewpoints. Discussion is commonly found in philosophical, historic, and social text.

Jadi teks discussion dalam bahasa Inggris adalah suatu tulisan yang menyajikan suatu masalah yang probelamatik, mengandung unsur pro dan kontra. Permasalahan tersebut akan dibicarakan dari 2 sudut pandang yang berbeda. sebagian pendapat yang menyetujui adanya permasalahan tersebut dipakai untuk menguatkan, sebaliknya yang tidak menyetujui digunakan untuk melemahkan sudut pandang yang lain. Kedua pemikiran yang berbeda tersebut disajikan secara berimbang supaya pembaca mendapat masukan yang sehat dan komprehensive sebelum mengambil kesimpulan.

Generic Structure of Discussion Text

Dalam belajar jenis teks bahasa Inggris di tingkat sekolah menengah, tidak boleh meninggalkan pembahasan pola susunan sebuah teks itu ditulis oleh pengarangnya. Inilah yang kita sebut sebagai Generic Structure. Lalu apa pola susunan paragraf discussion text ini? Berikut uraian pendeknya:

1. Statement of issue; stating the issue which is to discussed

2. List of supporting points; presenting the point in in supporting the presented issue

3. List of contrastive point; presenting other points which disagree to the supporting point

3. Recommendation; stating the writer’ recommendation of the discourse

Pada umummnya, hampir semua jenis teks diskusi akan mengikuti pola aturan seperti diatas. Dalam prakteksnya, pengarang akan memulai apa yang mau didiskusikan yang dalam hal ini kita sebut sebagai Statement of Issue (penyataan permaslahan) kemudian diikuti dengan arguments yang mendukung, dan dilanjutkan dengan argument yang menolak serta diakhiri dengan sebuah kesimpulan atau rekomendasi

Language Feature of Discussion Text

Mempelajari jenis teks bahasa Inggris tidak cukup dengan hanya mengetahui definisi atau pengertiannya, pun masih belum cukup kalau hanya memahami generic structurenya, unsusr ke 3 yang harus diketahui adalah ciri bahasa yang pada umumnya digunakan oleh penulis dalam menuangkan gagasannya kedalam teks berjenis discussion. Apa saja unsur kebahasaan pendukung jenis teks ini?

Introducing category or generic participant

Using thinking verb; feel, hope, believe, etc

Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection; similarly, on the hand, however, etc

Using modalities; must, should, could, may, etc

Using adverbial of manner; deliberately, hopefully, etc

Ingat, dalam melengkapi pemahaman atas pengertian discussion text bahasa Inggris ini, unsur pendukung kebahasaan diatas hanya digunakan sebagai patokan dan tidak benar benar sebagai aturan. Karena kenyataanya dalam berbagai tulisan yang kita temukan di koran bahasa Inggris atau majalah, bisa saja tidak semua unsur bahasa seperti diatas kita temukan.

Contoh Teks Discussion Sangat Pendek

Students of high schools are discussing about school’s new rules that they have to wear a cap and a tie as school uniform.

Some of them are very happy. According to them, wearing a tie will make them look great . additionally using cap to protect their head is important as they can go to school safety from hot sun and things falling.

On the contrary, however, not all of student feel happy. They think that the new rule is only making learning at school uncomfortable. The hot weather is one of the factors which make wearing a tie is an inappropriate rule.

So wearing a tie and cap can be very beneficial if they feel comfortable when the fabrics are suited to hot conditions.

MAKING AND RESPONDING TO SUGGESTIONS

Making and responding to suggestions

Suggestions

The following English phrases and expressions are all used to make suggestions and give advice to people.

Making suggestions:

· Let’s revise our lessons.

· What about going to the cinema tonight?

· How about playing cards?

· Why don't we do our homework?

· Couldn't we invite your grandmother to our party?

· Shall we have a walk along the river?

· What would you say to a cup of coffee?

· Don't you think it is a good idea to watch TV?

· Does it matter if we use your car?

Accepting suggestions:

· Ok. Yes, let's.

· Yes, I'd like to.

· Yes, I'd love to.

· What a good idea!

· Why not?

· Yes, with pleasure.

· Yes, I feel like taking a walk.

· That sounds like a good idea.

Refusing suggestions:

· No, let's not.

· No, I'd rather not.

· I don't feel like it.

· I dislike going for a walk.

· What an awful / bad idea!

Things to remember about suggestions:

1.The verb "suggest" can be followed by either:

· should + verb = I suggest (that) we should go to the theater.

· a verb (in the subjunctive form)= I suggest (that) we go to the movies.

2."That" is optional:

· "I suggest that we should visit Paris."

· "I suggest we should visit Paris."

Dialogue:

Two friends talking about where to go this evening:

Alice:	You know Alan, *why don't we go to the cinema to watch Titanic?*
Alan:	*No, let's not.* We've seen the film many times before. *What about going to the library?* We have to finish our school project!
Alice:	That sounds like a good idea. But when we finish *let's go to the cafè.*
Alan:	Yes, I'd love to.

Sumber : http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/communication-lesson-suggesting.php

MEETINGS : GIVING A REPORT

Business Report writing is used for a wide variety of topics and objectives, and a report can vary greatly in length, content, and format. Examples include annual reports, monthly sales reports, reports requested by management exploring a specific issue, reports requested by the government showing a company's compliance with regulations, progress reports, and feasibility studies.

Before writing the report it isIMPORTANT

to determine the purpose of the report. Is it to evaluate the need for new quality controls in manufacturing? Is it to report the results of a new hiring procedure? Is it to investigate competitors' products and services? Is it to propose cutbacks in the training program in order to offset budget cuts in the department? You should be able to describe your objective in one or two sentences.

You also should determine the audience for the report. Your audience may be upper, middle or line management, other departments in the company, coworkers, the client, potential clients, the government, or another company in the same market. Knowing who your audience is helps you determine what type of information to include in the report.

Finally, you will need to gather information for the report through research, interviews, and your personal knowledge about the topic. Research may include a search of literature external to the company as well as of material internal to the company. Interviewing key people or using questionnaires to survey a greater number of people may provide excellent information and data. Regardless of the sources you use, it isIMPORTANT

that the conclusions and/or recommendations in your report be based on quality information. Remember to keep detailed information on all sources used so they can be properly cited in your final report.

Often, a Business Report is the product of an accepted Proposal. Other times, a Proposal will be written after the report in hopes of gaining approval for the recommendations. Refer to the Proposal tips page for more information.

Writing the Business Report

Companies may have a standard format for reports, or you may have to decide the content and format yourself. Generally, the standard components of a Business Report are:

Title Page

Letter of authorization

Letter of transmittal

TABLE

of contents

Synopsis or summary

Introduction

Body of the report

Conclusions

Recommendations

Bibliography

Appendices

Brief Guidelines forSECTIONS

Letter of authorization:

This letter comes from the person who authorized the report and should state the purpose of the report and its significance to the company and/or recipients.

[back to components]

Letter of transmittal:

This letter is usually in memo format and contains a list of everyone who should receive a copy of the report. This can be used as a check list for distribution.

[back to components]

TABLE

of contents:

For page numbers, use lowercase Roman numerals (i, ii, iii) for the letter of authorization, letter of transmittal, and synopsis. All other sections should be numbered with Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3).

[back to components]

Synopsis or summary:

The synopsis provides a one-half to one page overview of the report. Identify the purpose of the report as well as the results. Be sure to include key information. Refer to the Executive Summary page for more information.

[back to components]

Introduction:

The introduction should describe the purpose of the report, the research methods, and the organization of the report. It should provide the reader with the necessary background information about why the report was written. The introduction should alsoGENERATE

interest in the report.

[back to components]

Body of the report:

The body of the report should include all the relevant information you have gathered. You need to present your findings along with the supporting information and analysis. You can also use illustrations such as charts and graphs to support your results. Organize thisSECTION

using headings (centered) and subheadings (left justified).

[back to components]

Conclusions:

Briefly and clearly state your findings or conclusions. Depending on your objective, your conclusions will vary. For example, if your purpose was to evaluate the need for new quality control procedures in manufacturing, you may conclude that because of the increasing number of defective products and customer complaints, it is vitallyIMPORTANT

for the company to improve their quality control procedures. However, if your purpose was to investigate competitors' products and services, your conclusions would briefly describe the relevant products on the market.

[back to components]

Recommendations:

You may be asked to provide recommendations for further action in addition to your findings or conclusions. For example, you may propose changes to the quality control procedures. Be sure to justify your recommendations and provide an implementation plan.

[back to components]

Reference

Baugh, L. Sue, Maridell Fryar, and David Thomas. Handbook for Business Writing, 2nd Ed. Lincolnwood, Illinois: NTC Business Books, 1994. 142-59.

MEETINGS : GIVING AND ASKING OPNIONS

EXPRESSIONS OF ASKING AND GIVING OPINION

Opinion is including the words of opinion and argument/ reasons.
Opinion dialogue is a dialog consists of two persons or more who have opinion each others. It can use the expressions, such as in my opinion, in my view, I think etc. Argument dialogue is a dialog that states the arguments or reasons. It can use the words such as first, second etc for arranging arguments.
Asking opinion :

Formal :
- Have you got any comments on …..
- Do you have any idea?
- Do you have any opinion on ……
- Would you give me your opinion on……….?
- What is your reaction to ……
- What is your opinion about……….?
- What are you feeling about………….?
- What are your views on……….?
- Please give me your frank opinion?
Informal
- What do you think of…….?
- What do you think about………?
- What is your opinion?
- Why do they behave like that?
- Do you think it’s going?
- How do you like?
- How was the trip?
- How do you think of Rina’s idea ?
- How do you feel about this dicition?

Giving opinion Formal :
- I personally believe …..
- I personally consider ….
- I personally think /feel ….
- I hold the opinion ….
- My own view of the matter is ……
- Well, personally …….
- If I had my view, I would …..
Informal
- I think I like it.
- I don’t think I care for it.
- I think it’s good/nice/terrific……..
- I think that awful/not nice/terrible…………
- I don’t think much of it.
- I think that……..
- In my opinion, I would rather……….
- In my case …..
- What I’m more concerned with ….
- What I have in my mind is………
- The way I see is that…………
- No everyone will agree with me, but ….
- To my mind …..
- From my point of view ….
- If you aks me, I feel ….
- Absolutely ………

AGREIING AND DISAGREEING FOR AN OPINION

Agreeing	Disagreeing
Yes, I agree with John.	I'm sorry, but I can't agree with John.
Yes, I think that's a good point.	I think you may have missed the point there ...
I'll go along with that.	Sorry, I can't go along with that.

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Note :

v Informal Expressions are used in a situation where you are talking between friends or close friends.

v The expressions usually respond to something that you discuss in an informal situation.

v Formal Expressions are used in a situation where you are talking in a formal situation, such as in the office or school between the teacher and students

v Think about is used when a person is occupied with something or somebody

v Example : I can’t stop thinking about her

v think of is used to imagine something. You can actually replace the word think of with the word imagine.

Dialog Examples:
Mr. Zoe : What do you think of my new house?
Shane    : It is beautiful. I think. Oh you have many novels in your new house.
Mr. Zoe : Yeah, some. I like Andrea Hirata’s novels.
Shane     : How do you feel about Andrea Hirata’s novels ?
Mr. Zoe : I feel they are great novels.
Shane     : Yes, you are right. I think it is going to rain.
Mr. Zoe : I don’t think so. Look outside at the sky! It’s so clear. No clouds there.
Shane     : But IWATCHED

the weather forecast yesterday. It said that today is going
to rain. OK Mr. Zoe see you.

http://bahasainggris-kelasxi-sem1.blogspot.co.id/2012/11/english-zone.html

Jumat, 25 November 2016

Order Letter And Inquiry Letter

Order Letter (Surat Pemesanan)

Surat permintaan penawaran adalah surat dari calon pembeli kepada penjual yang isinya meminta penawaran. Maksudnya, calon pembeli meminta melalui surat agar penjual mengajukan penawaran secara resmi kepadanya. Dengan adanya penawaran dari penjual nantinya calon pembeli akan mengetahui harga, syarat jual beli, dan keterangan tentang barang atau jasa yang akan dibeli. Inilah yang menjadi tujuan calon pembeli menulis surat permintaan penawaran kepada penjual. Bila calon pembeli telah mengetahui kondisi suatu barang/jasa berikut harga dan syarat jual belinya, tentu ia tidak perlu lagi meminta penawaran dari penjual.

Surat permintaan penawaran diperlukan dalam perdagangan formal yang menuntut prosedur resmi secara resmi secara tertulis. Sebuah perusahaan besar sebagai penjual, misalnya tidaklah dengan begitu saja melayani permintaan penawaran melalui telepon. Surat permintaan penawaran sering merupakan tahap awal proses terjadinya transaksi bisnis. Melalui surat permintaan penawaran calon pembeli bertanya atau meminta keterangan tentang barang atau jasa yang akan dibelinya. Sebagai reaksinya, penjual menerangkan hal-hal yang ingin pembeli melakukan pesanan dan akhirnya terjadinya transaksi bisnis sebagai puncak proses jual beli.

Ingatlah bahwa semua informasi yang relevan harus diberikan dalam order letter. Ini adalah seperti bisnis yang lebih dan tentu saja membantu untuk mencegah kesalahan membaca untuk menyusun table barang yang dibutuhkan. Sebagai panduan untuk menyusun sebuah order letter anda harus memenuhi:

Reference to a source of information (referensi untuk sumber informasi)

List of produk to be ordered (daftar produk untuk di pesan)

Quantity, quality, price, catalogue number (if any) (kuantitas, kualitas, harga, nomor catalog (jika ada))

Details of delivery and payment (detail pengantaran dan pembayaran)

An order number (nomor pesanan)

Order letter digunakan untuk memesan barang sesuai dengan jumlah yang dibutuhkan oleh perusahaan baik dengan menggunakan formulir perintah resmi atau tidak. Ada dua cara dalam membuat order letter, yaitu:

a. Order without using official order form (pemesanan tanpa formulir pemesanan resmi)

b. Order by using official order form (pemesanan dengan formulir pemesanan resmi)

Pemesanan tanpa menggunakan formulir pemesanan resmi dapat dilakukan dengan hanya menulis surat dengan semua rincian pesanan dengan langsung memasukkan ke dalam surat itu. Dengan demikian, surat ini berfungsi sebagai surat pemesanan, sehingga konten harus jelas, singkat dan langsung ke tujuan.

Sementara di perusahaan besar, secara umum, biasa dilakukan dengan menggunakan formulir pemesan resmi. Setiap kali Anda ingin membuat pesanan, Anda dapat mengisi kolom yang tersedia. Formulir pemesanan atau sering disebut pesanan pembelian (PO) biasanya terdiri dari:

No. (number) (nomor)

Unit price (harga peruntit)

Description/ items (barang)

Amount (Jumlah)

Quantity (jumlah banyak

Delivery date (tanggal pengiriman)

Type (jenis)

Terms of payment (cara pembayaran)

Contoh Surat Order Letter

Inquiry Letter (Surat Permintaan)

Definisi: Sebuah surat permintaan, juga dikenal sebagai surat calon atau surat yang menarik, akan dikirim ke perusahaan-perusahaan.

Surat permintaan adalah surat dari calon pembeli kepada penjual yang isinya meminta informasi tentang produk yang ditawarkan. Dengan adanya penawaran dari penjual nantinya calon pembeli akan mengetahui harga, serta jual beli, dan keterangan tentang barang atau jasa yang akan dibeli. Inilah yang menjadi tujuan calon pembeli menulis surat permintaan kepada penjual. Bila calon pembeli telah mengetahui kondisi suatu barang/jasa berikut harga dan syarat jual belinya, tentu ia tidak perlu lagi meminta penawaran dari penjual. Surat permintaan penawaran diperlukan dalam perdagangan formal yang menuntut prosedur resmi secara tertulis. Surat permintaan penawaran sering merupakan tahap awal proses terjadinya transaksi bisnis. Melalui surat permintaan penawaran calon pembeli bertanya atau meminta keterangan tentang barang atau jasa yang akan dibelinya. Sebagai reaksinya, penjual menerangkan hal-hal yang ingin diketahui pembeli, pembeli melakukan pesanan dan akhirnya terjadinya transaksi bisnis sebagai puncak proses jual beli.

Di dalam surat permintaan penawaran barang biasanya calon pembeli menanyakan:

1. nama dan jenis barang;

2. ciri-ciri khusus (spesifikasi) barang, yaitu; tipe, ukuran, kualitas, kapasitas dan lain-lain;

3. harga satuannya.

4. Potongan;

5. cara pembayarannya;

6. cara penyerahan, dan

7. kemudahan yang mungkin diperoleh pembeli, seperti garansi dan lain-lain

Selain hal-hal tersebut di atas calon pembeli meminta daftar harga dan katalog (bila barang bervariasi) dan keterangan teknis tentang barang berupa leaflet atau brosur. Untuk barang yang memungkinkan, calon pembeli dapat juga meminta dikirimi contoh barang yang sesungguhnya.

Melalui surat permintaan dan penawaran jasa, calon pembeli dapat menanyakan:

1. bentuk layanan jasa yang dapat disajikan oleh penjual;

2. peralatan yang dipakai oleh penjual sebagai penunjang (kalau ada);

3. harga;

4. potongan dan

5. cara pembayaran;

Dalam permintaan penawaran jasa, calon pembeli dapat juga meminta daftar harga (sesuai dengan tingkat jasa yang akan diberikan). Biasanya semua telah tercantum di dalam prospektus yang sudah disiapkan oleh perusahaan penjual jasa.

Permintaan penawaran sebaiknya tidak hanya diajukan kepada satu penjual, tetapi kepada beberapa penjual. Langkah ini ditempuh agar daftar harga dan keterangan yang terkumpul nantinya dapat dibandingkan satu sama lainnya untuk menentukan mana yang paling sesuai dengan keinginan dan kemampuan keuangan calon pembeli.

Contoh Inquiry Letter

Dari contoh surat diatas,maka dapat dilihat bahwa bagian-bagian inquiry letter adalah :

Kepala surat (header)

Tercantum Alamat, jika sebuah instansi/perusahaan, pada bagian kepala surat bisa juga menggunakan kop surat dari perusahaan/instansi tempat Anda bekerja dan cukup menuliskan alamat perusahaan yang dituju.

Tanggal surat (date) ; Contoh pada surat di atas : 25 june 2009

Pembuka (openning)

Pembuka selalu diawali dengan salam. Dalam opening tergantung surat formal/ non formal.

Contoh untuk non formal : Dear Rara

Contoh untuk formal : To Whom It May Concern

Referensi (reference)

Paragraf pertama selalu diawali dengan referensi yang Anda temui tentang perusahaan yang dituju. Referensi tersebut bisa berupa iklan di media cetak dan elektronik atau informasi bisnis lain yang Anda dapatkan dari kolega bisnis yang bekerja di perusahaan tersebut. Ekspresi yang umum digunakan adalah sebagai berikut:

With reference to your advertisement (ad) in ... Atau

Regarding your advertisement (ad) in ...

Permohonan informasi

Setelah menuliskan referensi, Anda dapat melanjutkan dengan menuliskan permohonan informasi yang ingin Anda dapatkan. Ekspresi yang umum digunakan adalah sebagai berikut:

Would you please send me ... Atau Could you please send me ...

Jika ada informasi lain yang ingin Anda ketahui, Anda dapat menuliskannya dengan ekspresi berikut ini:

I would also like to know ... Atau Could you tell me whether ...

Penutup dan tanda tangan (signature)

Ekspresi yang umum digunakan pada bagian penutup adalah:

Sincerely Atau ekspresi formal yang juga lazim digunakan adalah: Yours faithfully

Setelah menuliskan penutup, cantumkan nama serta jabatan (jika Anda merupakan seorang staf pada suatu perusahaan).

http://mayangadi.blogspot.co.id/2012/11/order-letter-surat-pemesanan.html

http://annaaspamungkas.blogspot.com/2011/12/order-letter-of-english-business-letter_04.html

http://idaysurya.blogspot.co.id/2013/10/inquiry-letter-order-letter.html

http://faiz06.blogspot.com/2011/12/inquiry-letter-of-english-business.html